A07 – Health Care
Vlastnosti
| predmet | Anglický jazyk |
| typ | maturitná téma |
| okruh | anglický jazyk |
| číslo | 7 |
| stav | vypracované |
Talk about the human body and common illnesses, a visit to the doctor, health care in Slovakia, and prevention and a healthy lifestyle.
1. Osnova témy
- Parts of the human body.
- Common illnesses, their symptoms and treatment.
- Serious and civilisation diseases.
- A visit to the doctor — from making an appointment to the prescription.
- Health care in Slovakia — state and private facilities, specialists, emergencies.
- A healthy lifestyle and prevention.
- Alternative medicine and your own opinion of it.
2. Kľúčová slovná zásoba
- parts of the body: head, forehead (čelo), cheek (líce), chin (brada), neck, throat (hrdlo), shoulder, chest (hruď), back, arm, elbow (lakeť), wrist (zápästie), palm (dlaň), thumb (palec), waist (pás), hip (bok), thigh (stehno), knee, calf (lýtko), ankle (členok), foot, toe (prst na nohe), skin, bone (kosť)
- common illnesses: flu (chrípka), a cold (nádcha), headache, earache, stomachache, backache, toothache, tonsillitis (angína), bronchitis, pneumonia (zápal pľúc)
- contagious diseases: chicken pox (ovčie kiahne), measles (osýpky), mumps (mumps), jaundice (žltačka), scarlet fever (šarlach)
- civilisation diseases: asthma, diabetes (cukrovka), allergies, migraine, hypertension (vysoký tlak), heart attack (infarkt), stroke (porážka), ulcer (vred), obesity
- serious diseases: cancer (rakovina), tumour (nádor), leukaemia, AIDS, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease
- symptoms: high temperature, fever (horúčka), cough (kašeľ), sore throat, runny nose, sneezing (kýchanie), rash (vyrážka), loss of appetite, diarrhoea (hnačka), vomiting (zvracanie), nausea (nevoľnosť), cramps (kŕče), insomnia (nespavosť), sweating
- injuries: bruise (modrina), blister (pľuzgier), burn (popálenina), cut, fracture (zlomenina); broken, swollen (opuchnutý), sprained (vyvrtnutý), bleeding (krvácajúci)
- doctors: GP — general practitioner (obvodný lekár), dentist, paediatrician (detský lekár), surgeon (chirurg), ophthalmologist (očný), dermatologist (kožný), cardiologist, psychologist, physiotherapist
- what a doctor does: to examine a patient (vyšetriť), to listen to someone's breathing, to take a blood count (odobrať krv), to measure blood pressure, to prescribe medicine (predpísať lieky), to operate, to X-ray
- medicaments: painkillers (lieky proti bolesti), antibiotics, pills, tablets, capsule, syrup, drops (kvapky), ointment (masť), injection, vaccine (vakcína), dosage (dávkovanie), side effects (vedľajšie účinky), prescription (recept), pharmacy / chemist's (lekáreň)
- medical facilities: hospital, ward (oddelenie), surgery / doctor's office (ambulancia), waiting room (čakáreň), clinic, spa (kúpele), maternity hospital (pôrodnica), nursing home, hospice, ambulance (sanitka)
- healthy lifestyle: balanced diet, wholesome food, lean meat (chudé mäso), regular exercise, sufficient sleep, preventive medical check-up (preventívna prehliadka), vaccination (očkovanie), to avoid smoking and stress
- alternative medicine: acupuncture (akupunktúra), homeopathy, aromatherapy, acupressure
3. Užitočné frázy a väzby
- Health is the most valuable thing we have, and we only realise it when we lose it.
- When you have the flu, you run a temperature and your whole body aches.
- If you have a cold, you sneeze, your nose is running and you have a sore throat.
- In that case you should stay in bed, drink plenty of hot tea and take some vitamins.
- The doctor examined me and prescribed some antibiotics.
- I have to make an appointment in advance and take my insurance card with me.
- In case of emergency you call an ambulance.
- Prevention is far better than treatment.
- What I try to do is eat sensibly and get enough sleep.
- As far as alternative medicine is concerned, I am rather sceptical, but…
- To sum up, everybody is responsible for their own health.
4. Modelová odpoveď
Health is probably the most valuable thing we have, and unfortunately we usually only realise it when we lose it. That is why everybody should look after their health.
The most common illnesses are the flu and a cold. When you have the flu, you run a high temperature, your whole body aches and you feel weak. You should see your doctor, stay in bed, drink a lot of hot tea and take the medicine he prescribes. With a cold you sneeze, your nose is running and you have a sore throat, but you usually get over it in a few days. Other common problems are a headache, a toothache, tonsillitis or a stomachache.
There are also far more serious diseases. Cancer is one of them — the patient has a tumour and is treated with medicine, radiation or chemotherapy. A heart attack and a stroke are among the most frequent causes of death. AIDS destroys the immune system, so that even a small infection can be fatal. We also talk about so-called civilisation diseases, such as asthma, allergies, diabetes, high blood pressure and migraines. They are caused by stress, a hectic lifestyle, insufficient sleep, a polluted environment, sedentary work and overeating.
When I feel ill, I go to see my GP. First I have to make an appointment and I must take my insurance card with me. In the surgery the doctor asks me how I feel and what my problems are, then he examines me — he listens to my breathing, looks at my throat and measures my blood pressure. Finally he prescribes some medicine, which I collect at the chemist's. Sometimes he sends me to a specialist, for example to a dentist, a surgeon or a dermatologist.
Health care in Slovakia is provided from birth to death and there are both state and private facilities. Medical care is given in health centres, clinics, hospitals and private surgeries. A paediatrician looks after children, who are vaccinated against diseases such as tuberculosis and tetanus soon after birth, while adults are looked after by a general practitioner. In case of emergency you call an ambulance, and serious cases are operated on immediately in the operating theatre. If you break an arm or a leg, you are X-rayed and the limb is put in plaster.
The best treatment, however, is prevention. A healthy lifestyle means regular exercise, plenty of rest and enough sleep, good eating habits with a lot of fruit and vegetables, and no smoking or alcohol. We should also go for preventive check-ups, visit the dentist twice a year and try to think positively. It is better to get vitamins from fresh raw fruit and vegetables than from pills, because cooking destroys a lot of the vitamins.
Some people also use alternative medicine, such as acupuncture, homeopathy or aromatherapy. Personally I think it may help some people to relax, but for a serious illness I would always trust a proper doctor.
5. Otázky na diskusiu
- What do you usually do when you catch a cold or the flu?
- Describe a typical visit to the doctor's surgery.
- What are the most common civilisation diseases and what causes them?
- What does a healthy lifestyle mean to you?
- Do you go for preventive medical check-ups? Why or why not?
- What is the difference between state and private health care?
- What would you do if you saw somebody have an accident in the street?
- What do you think about alternative medicine?
- Why do so many young people start smoking, even though they know the risks?
- Should people who damage their own health pay more for treatment?
6. Zhrnutie na ústnu odpoveď
- Bežné choroby: flu (temperature, aching body) · a cold (sneezing, runny nose, sore throat) — always say the symptoms and the treatment.
- Vážne a civilizačné: cancer, heart attack, stroke, AIDS · asthma, diabetes, allergies, hypertension; causes = stress, poor diet, no exercise, pollution.
- U lekára: make an appointment → insurance card → the doctor examines you → prescribes medicine → chemist's → specialist if needed.
- Zdravotníctvo v SR: state and private · health centre, clinic, hospital, surgery · paediatrician vs. GP · vaccination · ambulance in an emergency.
- Prevencia: exercise, sleep, diet, no smoking, check-ups, dentist twice a year.
- Alternatívna medicína: acupuncture, homeopathy — and your own opinion.
Číslo na záchranku je na Slovensku 155, ako uvádza aj učiteľkin materiál. Oplatí sa dodať, že 112 je jednotné európske tiesňové číslo, ktoré platí v celej EÚ — na skúške to znie kompetentne a je to naozaj tak.
Vo výslovnosti si daj pozor na disease [dɪˈziːz] verzus decease, a na stomachache [ˈstʌməkeɪk] — vyslovuje sa s „k", nie s „č". Slovo ambulance znamená sanitku, nie ambulanciu; naša ambulancia je surgery alebo doctor's office. Toto je klasický chyták.
Súvisiace poznámky
- A05 – Food and Eating — zdravá strava ako prevencia
- A03 – Sport and Games — pohyb a kondícia
- A12 – Science and Technology — pokrok v medicíne
- A15 – People and Society — dostupnosť zdravotnej starostlivosti
- Anglické ekvivalenty — slovná zásoba a termíny po anglicky
Kontrolné otázky
What do you usually do when you catch a cold or the flu?
I stay at home, rest, drink a lot of tea and take medicine for fever. If it does not get better, I go to the doctor.
Describe a typical visit to the doctor's surgery.
You wait in the waiting room, then the doctor asks about your symptoms, examines you, prescribes medicine and gives you a sick note if necessary.
What are the most common civilisation diseases and what causes them?
Heart diseases, cancer, diabetes, obesity and stress. They are caused by unhealthy food, lack of exercise, smoking and stress.
What does a healthy lifestyle mean to you?
Eating well, exercising regularly, sleeping enough, not smoking and keeping a balance between work and rest.
Do you go for preventive medical check-ups? Why or why not?
Yes, I go to the GP and the dentist regularly. It is better to discover a problem early.
What is the difference between state and private health care?
State care is paid from health insurance and is available to everybody, but waiting times can be long. Private care is faster and more comfortable, but you pay extra.
What would you do if you saw somebody have an accident in the street?
I would call 112 or 155, check if the person is breathing and give first aid if needed until the ambulance arrives.
What do you think about alternative medicine?
Some methods like herbs or massage can help, but they should not replace proper medical treatment.
Why do so many young people start smoking, even though they know the risks?
Because of curiosity, peer pressure and wanting to look grown-up. Nowadays many try e-cigarettes, which are also addictive.
Should people who damage their own health pay more for treatment?
It is a difficult question. It seems fair, but it would be hard to decide who is guilty, and everybody has a right to treatment.